One Mans Freedom Fighter, Another Mans Terrorist Essay

Historical Inquiry - Terrorism Abstract What defines terrorism or freedom fighting depends upon a number of factors. Motivation as a factor in defining terrorism or freedom fighting is particularly significant as it forms the basis of Macquarie’s dictionary definition, â€Å"someone who joins in organised resistance usually armed against the established government, or the domination of his or her country by a foreign power† . Therefore it can be stated that a freedom fighters goal is to liberate oppressed people from foreign powers. Where as the motivation of terrorists might also stem from a want of freedom but also has its foundations in other sources, such as religious conflict, more personal motivators such as anger, frustration,†¦show more content†¦Fatah was a â€Å"revolutionary† movement founded in 1959 that consisted of Palestinians who had become disillusioned by the Arab politicians who subordinated the Palestinian issue to their interests and policy, seemingly manipulating it accor dingly . The Palestinian issue is the issue regarding the Palestinians exile from their homeland at gunpoint from the Zionists officially exiled when the Zionist oppressors in 1948 Declared Israel’s independence. Fatah believed that â€Å"before [1967], the Palestinians orbited around the Arab State; now Fatah tries to stage a Copernican revolution, and reverse the relationship† . The Fatah’s main objective as stated in the Fatah’s seven points in January 1969 was â€Å"not struggling against the Jews as an ethnic or religious community. Rather struggling against Israel as the expression of colonisation† where â€Å"the final objective of its struggle is the restoration of the independent democratic state of Palestine, all whose citizens will enjoy equal rights irrespective of religion† . They also had another objective that would allow the main objective to occur, Arafat in an interview states the greatest difficulty will be â€Å"overco ming our differences and achieving Palestinian national unity† . The Fatah exhorted that the Palestinian masses must become the driving force behind the Revolution; using armed struggle attacks fromShow MoreRelatedHumanities Oral Speech Assignment : Olivia Pease1293 Words   |  6 PagesHUMANITIES ORAL SPEECH ASSIGNMENT – OLIVIA PEASE Protagonists, the main characters within any story that we all admire and aspire to be. These valiant and honourable freedom-fighters are the ones who slay the evil dragons, rescue the beautiful princesses, fuel rebellions and overthrow an oppressive monarchy all in time for dinner at eight. But every hero has their dark side, being formed from the aftermath of a traumatic childhood experience, be it from a death in the family or a loyal friend. TheseRead MoreThe Hunt For Bin Laden1590 Words   |  7 Pageson Vietnam and a several other novels including the French connection. He later denounce the hunt for bin laden due to controversy of one of the people who helped him write the book giving false information to make himself seem better. In the book, Moore travel around and documents the secret mission and meeting that the American and Afghanistan freedom fighter had. He also interviews the different soldiers and generals that were involved. The book is incredibly detailed and organized. The bookRead MoreAnalysis Of An Eye Who Is The Whole World Go Blind 1280 Words   |  6 Pagesan eye makes the whole world go blind.† - Ghandi. The story of Dawn reinforces this well-known quote by demonstrating the heavy silence of murder and it’s feeble justifications. A few years after the Holocaust, one of it’s victims, Elisha, is recruited from his home in Paris as a terrorist in the city of Palestine. In his short time there, he has participated in violent group retaliation against the British, yet has never been forced to kill individually- until now. This story documents the tale ofRead MorePolitics in Modern Film (V for Vendetta)1189 Words   |  5 PagesPolitics in Film â€Å"V for Vendetta† The film I focused on for this essay, V for Vendetta, was filmed and produced in 2006 by Warner Brothers. The plot of the film circulates around a mysterious and charismatic masked freedom fighter being hunted down by the totalitarian British government in the near future. Although his full identity is kept a mystery throughout the film, audiences learn he was a victim of a cruel scientific experiment involving â€Å"unwanted† British citizens and hormonal drugsRead MoreAustralia s Present Laws Regulating Human Rights1547 Words   |  7 Pagesoverride common law. Therefore Australia needs a bill of Human Rights as it will enable everyone to be legally treated equal to one another. Human rights are an extension of Natural Law; the idea that there exists certain natural laws’ which apply to all humanity and which maintain the basic dignity of human beings. Society has ethical beliefs of their fundamental freedoms; a Bill of Human Rights will confirm that in written proof as part of the law. Human rights have stemmed from The Magna Carta 1215Read MoreOne Persons Freedom Figh ter Is Another Persons Terrorist.3521 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction The terrorist attacks in America have since publicized controversial attitudes in understanding and defining terrorism. There is a misconception of terrorism as it was only in actuality brought to light after the attacks in America on 11 September 2001 (Best Nocella, 2004); this has guided many to assume that terrorism arose in light of the 11 September attacks, when actually terrorism did not begin in 2001; nor is it restricted to extremists in the Middle East. Here is where muchRead MoreDecolonization Period Of Afric A European Point Of View1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough a European point of view. This painted the Africans as pure savages without truly examining what drove them to commit these violent acts. Europeans have always bent history to show themselves in a positive manner. One of the battles in which history has been mainly one sided is the Mau- Mau rebellion in Kenya. In this paper I want to explore the true reasons the revolt started and how the European interpretations of this took away from the real reasons why ordinary people took partRead MoreThe Secret Intelligence Branch Of The Shin Bet1499 Words   |  6 Pages If there is one thing true about this documentary is the depressing, and pessimistic nature of it. The Shin Bet, Israel’s equivalent of the FBI act as the secret intelligence branch that serves to protect Israel from behind the scenes, and Unseen Shield, if you will. The six ex leaders of the Shin Bet all portray the recent decades of Israel’s undercover militaristic organisation by retelling some of their past actions and experiences. All six tell of their actions, that would shock us uninitiatedRead More Stereotyping and Profiling Based Upon Religion Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesLiving in America we deal with a lot of diversity, especially those in the criminal justice degree program where situations caused by diversity can lead to a problem. Stereotyping is one of the biggest problems that we deal with, particularly in law enforcement. There have been many allegations of police officers accused of going after individuals and accusing them of a crime based on the sole fact of what their religious beliefs might be. This has been going on for a long time; however in recentRead MoreReading Review : Why Terrorism Doesn t Work1321 Words   |  6 Pageshis academic work â€Å"Why Terrorism doesn’t work†, Max Abrahms examines the list of twenty-eight terrorist groups since 2001 in order to demonstrate that terrorism doesn’t achieve its political objectives (Abrahms, 2006). He used statistical methods to calculate how often terrorist groups achieved success in its objectives; whether it be partial or the full extent. From his findings, he argues that the terrorist groups only accomplished their objectives seven percent of the time; with citizen-targeted

The Mental Health Of The Woodstock General Hospital

Social workers in the mental health wing of the Woodstock General Hospital (WGH) are an integral part of an interdisciplinary mental health team that provide patient-centered care through both inpatient and outpatient services. They offer capacity-building program interventions to individuals, couples and families by providing single session walk-in counselling, groupwork, psychiatric evaluation, crisis intervention and inpatient support as well as long term counselling. There are specialized outpatient supports including early psychosis intervention, programs for eating disorders, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, programs for children and youth as well as programs specific to geriatric mental health. In†¦show more content†¦108). With her role at the hospital, there was an awkward phase or transition where her role drastically changed due to the creation of the walk-in clinic. This organization has Michelle Worsfold as Director of Mental Heal th Services (Inpatient and Outpatient) and the rest of the team are more on an equitable level, even though Emma has had to take a leadership role. Emma thinks that she does not have difficulty with the supervision but she does sometimes struggle with the resistance in regards to the walk-in program. Historically, nurses have not done counselling although, it is within their scope of practice in an informal way through their college. In that instance, Emma tends to be strategic with coordinating walk-in and being mindful of which clients she assigns to each practitioner. For example, if a client presents with significant trauma symptoms or hyperarousal with trauma, nurses may not be as trauma informed as a social worker. However, a patient may present with a desire to access an assessment through psychiatry and to discuss their medication regimen where a mental health nurse may have a more advanced knowledge of medication. Nurses have addressed that ‘going in cold’ is outside of their purview and that seems to make them more resistant to being involved. Emma feelsShow MoreRelatedInterview With Laura Crain From The Mchenry County Substance Abuse Coalition1899 Words   |  8 Pagesinterviewed at one that felt right for me. The interview took place with Laura Crain, who I also interviewed for this essay. The internship is at the McHenry County Substance Abuse Coalition. The McHenry County Substance Abuse Coalition is located in Woodstock, IL. It was started 16 years ago by a small group of treatment providers who recognized the growing danger presented by the rise in Heroin abuse in our communities. At the time, there was little awareness of this new trend of abuse of this dangerousRead MoreThe Vocation of the Business Leader: A Reflection15551 Words   |  63 Pagesâ€Å"The business leader is not a speculator, but essentially an innovator. The speculator makes it his goal to maximise proï ¬ t; for him, business is merely a means to an end, and that end is proï ¬ t. For the speculator, building roads and establishing hospitals or schools is not the goal, but merely a means to the goal of maximum proï ¬ t. It should be immediately clear that the speculator is not the model of business leader which the Church holds up as an agent and builder of the common good†.22 Rather, the

The Real Threat Of Nuclear Smuggling Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The Real Threat of Nuclear Smuggling This reading was based on the contention over the menace that atomic smuggling airss. It begins by traveling over the position of each side in a brief mode. It states that some analysts dismiss it as a minor nuisance while others find the danger to be really existent and likely. This reading stands chiefly for the belief that atomic smuggling is a existent danger. The analysts that find this issue to be a job say that atomic smuggling nowadayss grave and serious because even though the per centum of these type of smuggling is less than that of drugs for illustration, the law-enforcement type functionaries are besides less experient at halting cargos of an point such as U than they are in prehending marihuana or hasheesh. These same analysts have besides found that even a little escape rate of any type of atomic stuff can hold highly huge effects and dangers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Real Threat Of Nuclear Smuggling Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They state that although secretiveness regulations make precise Numberss impossible to acquire, Thomas B. Cochran of the Natural Resources Defense Council in Washington, D.C. , estimations that a bomb requires between three and 25 kgs of enriched U or between one and eight kgs of Pu. A Kilogram of Pu occupies about 50.4 three-dimensional centimetres, or one seventh the volume of a standard aluminium soft-drink can. In add-on to this, analysts have found that security is much to lax in even the purportedly # 8220 ; most protected locations # 8221 ; . For illustration, the Russian shops in peculiar suffer from sloppy security, hapless stock list direction and unequal measurings. Then there is the virtually nonexistent security at atomic installings that compounds the job. The chief ground for this deficiency of security is that wage and conditions hav vitamin E worsened and alienation has become widespread. So with an anomic work force enduring from low and frequently late rewards, the inducements for atomic larceny have become far greater at the very clip that limitations and controls have deteriorated. Against this background, it is barely surprising that the figure of nuclear-smuggling incidents-both existent and fake-has increased during the few old ages. German governments for illustration, reported 41 in 1991, 158 in 1992,241 in 1993 and 267 in 1994. Although most of these instances did affect stuff suited for bombs, as the figure of incidents additions so does the likeliness that at least a few will include weapons-grade metals. In March 1993, harmonizing to a study from Istanbul, six kgs of enriched U entered Turkey through the Aralik boundary line gate in Kars Province. Although verification of neither the incident nor the grade of the U # 8217 ; s enrichment was forthcoming, It raised frights that Chechen # 8220 ; Mafia # 8221 ; groups had obtained entree to enriched U in Kazakhastan. So what should we make about this? Some suggest that systematic transnational steps be taken every bit shortly as possible to suppress larceny at the beginning, to interrupt trafficking, and to discourage purchasers. The U.S. , Germany, Russia and other states with an involvement in the atomic job should put up a # 8220 ; winging squad # 8221 ; with an fact-finding arm, installations for counterterrorist and counterextortion actions and a catastrophe direction squad. Even though such an thought may look highly far-fetched at the minute because of a go oning reluctance to acknowledge the badness of the there, it is circumstantially the consensus that it would be a atrocious calamity if authoritiess were to accept the demand for a more substantial plan merely after a atomic calamity.

My dream holiday free essay sample

My dream holiday is canada europe and london. cause it is all about romance , lifestyle n work whom with my family friends n relatives in europe the view is beautyful, smoothing and romantic in canada my big family lives thier in london it is all about work.. My Favourite Holiday Destination I have been to several places around the world, Mumbai and Goa in India, Paris in France, Hamburg in Germany, Rome and Venice in Italy, Vatican City, Singapore, Hong Kong, Melbourne and Sydney in Australia but my personal favourite is the Brisbane-Gold Coast tripMy Favourite Holiday destination My favourite place is our granny and grandfather’s summer cottage, which is about 12. 5 kilometres from our house. It is situated on the way to the famous Bird Sanctuary Nalsarovar. I just absolutely love this place. Its definitely different from the typicalBest holiday destination J. Preetham University of SRM Each year thousands of people wish to spend their vacations holidaying abroad. We will write a custom essay sample on My dream holiday or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are many destinations with exquisite panoramas in the world. Out of those Switzerland is the most preferred destination. In my opinion, Switzerland is thALASKA Reasons I Want to Visit Alaska 1) It is a very beautiful state with lots of scenery and National parks to visit 2) There is a lot of different wildlife and it would be awesome to them in their natural habitat. 3) I would love to go fishing and big game hunting. Where I Would LikA Dream House In the story â€Å"The House on Mango Street†, by Sandra Cisneros, the narrator moves from house to house, in order to find the perfect house to fit the entire family. In searching for the ideal house, the family finds their identity by living in each house, and searching for an upg

How did Directed Activities Related to Text come about Essays

How did Directed Activities Related to Text come about Essays How did Directed Activities Related to Text come about Essay How did Directed Activities Related to Text come about Essay Essay Topic: Education Traditionally secondary school pupils copied from the blackboard or from dictation to make a set of notes that they learned (by heart) for exams. However, copying things down is a completely passive task requiring little mental effort or involvement in the lesson. As comprehensive schools developed during the mid-1970s, classes became increasingly differentiated with some pupils for whom extended writing was a difficult and unpleasant experience and therefore a source of anxiety. The first step towards resolving this issue was to set small group work using worksheets needing only short answers to structured questions. This seemed a feasible way to organise a mixed ability class. However, many of the first worksheets relied heavily on recipe style instructions providing little opportunity for interaction with the text or making the pupils think (Sutton, 1992). Around this time, a case was made for language for learning, or language across the curriculum (Bullock Report, 1975). There were concerns that the routines of secondary school would allow some pupils to become too passive in their learning, with insufficient demand on them to reformulate their ideas, in other words, construct their own meaning (Sutton, 1992). There developed a need to resolve conflicting demands for busy science teachers to manage practical work well, but also to organise a range of other language-centred activities (ibid. ). A project described in Lunzer and Gardner (1979) suggested that passive reading occurred when reading tasks were vague and general, rather than specific, and where reading was solitary rather than shared. This project developed activities and techniques that made pupils focus on important parts of text, and involved them in reflecting on the content otherwise known as DARTs (Henderson and Wellington, 1998). What were the consequences for the classroom? It was not just a matter of adding a text-based activity to each lesson, it also meant a change in attitude in how teachers engaged pupils in science lessons. Science teaching today is considered a process of facilitating learning new ways of seeing and talking. The means available are partly through experience (such as practical work) and partly linguistic (written work and discussion), and both develop what the learner sees in his or her minds eye (Sutton, 1992). What are the strengths and limitations of DARTs? Present-day DARTs offer a great deal of variety of tasks, and are designed to make pupils think more actively rather than following a set of instructions (see Appendix II) and therefore offer an invaluable tool to the teacher. Pupils can build up a collection of them into a record of their work. Few textbooks exactly cover the material as required by the teacher and, unless they have kept their own record, how will the pupils revise their work? Notes in the form of DARTs, from which the pupils make tables or label diagrams etc. rovide an accurate record. Any lesson time spent copying is dead time (no good at making a class think). If we use this dead time for a DART, pupils will have the text and will have begun to construct their own ideas of it. Their writing time is therefore more productively and creatively spent. DARTs can be used to test childrens understanding of how concepts are linked rather that the meaning of words. For example, the widely used Cloze technique aims to ensu re that pupils read the sentence with enough understanding to supply the missing word. To ensure the learning is active, the working words are omitted from the text (e. g. into, have, make, for) therefore requiring the pupil to understand the concept (active) rather than just filling in the words by their meaning (passive). During my school placement, I had the opportunity of creating and delivering DARTs to Year 9 pupils (see Appendix II for examples). In addition to the strengths of variety, recording and active learning, I encountered several other advantages of using DARTs. For example, teaching National Curriculum science is by definition a crowded agenda. There is little spare time and therefore every lesson minute must be treated as precious, and needs to be carefully planned (whether it is for practical, written work, discussion, problem-solving etc). Copying large chunks of text or tables is time-consuming and leaves less time for active learning. Using DARTs enabled me to spend more time on the learning objectives. Using DARTs avoided too much chalk and talk and ensured the class stayed engaged in the lesson. In addition, a bonus advantage was that a DART exercise settled lively classes (particularly worth remembering as a trainee teacher). Finally, and significantly, a strength which can only be observed first-hand the pupils enjoyed DARTs. Despite all the strengths of DARTs, there are limitations to the technique. For example, it is easy for worksheets of any kind to be discarded or lost after use and the pupil not to regard them as having value. For example, during my school placement, any worksheets should have been glued into pupil notebooks during the lesson. However, in any class I observed there were inevitably at least 2 pupils who had forgotten their notebooks and therefore their worksheets remained loose at the bottom of their school bags or in the class tray until the following week, or worse, left behind on the floor of the lab. Clearly there are organisational and management issues which need to be addressed. Effective use of DARTs requires a recognised (by pupil and teacher) system for keeping DART records. Cloze text can suffer from the problem that pupils tend to want to find the missing word without understanding the text which it is why it is wise to omit the working words. Since each pupil needs a copy of their own, it may be better to convert cloze text into scrambled text, which requires more understanding and less guessing. There can be common difficulties with reading. For instance pupils often cannot relate to the type of science texts used in school in terms of language and style or the class could comprise of a wide range of reading ages. There are three problems with using extracts from textbooks. First the writing may be too difficult. The simplest formula that measures the readability of texts is the SMOG test (see Appendix III). If the book has short sentences and few long words it is easier to read and therefore a low reading age score. Any DART needs to be tailored to the reading age of the pupil. A second problem is that the subject content may not fit your requirements exactly and schools are often limited in the range of text that they can offer pupils. The third problem is that DARTs may pose difficulties for ESL pupils. Therefore the individual literacy abilities in a class must be considered when selecting DARTs for use in a lesson.

Learning and Memorizing Latin Declension Endings

Learning and Memorizing Latin Declension Endings Usually, students learn one Latin declension at a time, so there is only one complete set of endings to learn. If you dont learn them when they are assigned, it will be harder when you have two or more sets to memorize together. The First Three Declensions Are Basic This wont help you pass your tests, but... if for some reason you are stuck learning all five Latin declensions at once, it should be somewhat comforting to know that the fourth and fifth arent that common, so if you know the first three, you will know far more than 60%. [Note: some very common words are in the 4th and 5th declension.] The following suggestions are based on the idea that once you have the first three down, the others will be easy enough. Use Your Own Learning Style Especially for people who learn like me a style I gather is called tactile or kinesthetic learning: write the declensions over and over and over again. Look for your own patterns. Then write them over and over and over again. I used to do this on a chalkboard which I could keep erasing and writing over, although the ideal would probably be the ancient Roman school boys wax covered blocks of wood with a stylus. Some might find looking at flashcards or saying the word over and over again works better. Recognize the Most Important and Least Used Forms The vocative and locative are rare, so learning just the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative, should get you through most Latin. Of course, these cases have a singular and a plural form. Know the Equivalent in Your Native Language Based on my very first tearful day of Latin, it helps to know that these cases have equivalents in English. The nominative is the subject and the accusative is the object. The accusative can also be the object of a preposition. The ablative is also the object of a preposition, and the dative is called indirect object in English, which means it will be translated as to or for plus the noun. Recognize Regularities In Greek and Latin the nominative and accusative plural end in a for neuters.Since the first declension singular nominative and ablative also end in a, it is very useful to learn that the first declension singular ablative has a long mark or macron over it.The dative and ablative plural usually end in is in the first and second declension and in the third declension (and occasionally, the first), the s is separated from its vowel by a bu as in the third declension noun hostibuus and the first declension filiabus.The genitive plural ending can be thought of as um with prefixes of ar in the first declension and ur in the second declension.A is the vowel of the first declension and u or o for the second.The accusative singular has the vowel of the declension a/u/e plus m. The plural has the vowel a/o/e plus s.The nominative and genitive singular are shown in the dictionary form, so once the lexical item is known, the genitive should be obvious.The dative singular for the 1st declension is the same as the genitive singular.In the second and third declensions, the dative and ablative are the same. Write the declensions over and over and over again.

Surprise ending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Surprise ending - Essay Example The reader anticipates that Swift will come up with a realistic solution by which these poor children can â€Å"contribute to the feeding, and partly to the cloathing of many thousand† (para.4). The reader’s suspicion is aroused when Swift begins to talk about children being â€Å"saleable commodities† (Swift, 1729, p.7) and calculates a cost-effective selling price. At this point, the reader realizes that there is a catch in the argument and that Swift’s suggestion will be out of the ordinary. Then comes the â€Å"surprise ending†: Swift suggests that that â€Å"a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled† (Swift, 1729, p. 9). He continues to devise plans for the sale of children and various ways to convert their flesh into delicacies. The reader is now aware that Swift’s suggestion is pure irony. By giving the reader a jolt with his â€Å"surprise ending,† Swift greatly strengthens the validity of his real suggestion to improve the social and economic condition of Ireland under British rule in the eighteenth century: the taxation of absentee landlords, the promotion of locally manufactured goods, banning foreign luxury goods, practicing thrift and temperance and encouraging nationalism, brotherhood and virtue. He urges â€Å"landlords to have at least one degree of mercy towards their tenants† and shop-keepers to adopt â€Å"a spirit of honesty, industry, and skill† (Swift, 1729, para. 29). This is Swift’s real proposal. Swift skilfully uses his â€Å"surprise ending† to stimulate interest, rouse the reader’s conscience and make the reader more receptive to his concrete suggestions to rectify the ills of the suffering Irish

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 7

Business Ethics - Essay Example Social responsibility according to Ferrell & Ferrell 2014, p.30) refers to the obligations of an organization to ensure it positively affects the society while minimizing its negative impacts on the society. It is worthwhile to note that although the terms ethics and social responsibility are often used interchangeably, they do not have a similar meaning. Social responsibility is a general concept that relates to the impact of entire organization’s activities on the society, whereas business ethics is linked to a work group or an individual’s decisions that the society evaluates as right or wrong (Ferrell & Ferrell 2014, p.30). Bank Muscat is the flagship financial institution in Oman with a proven record of accomplishment of excellence in service. The bank enjoys a 40% market share in Oman. The bank’s head office is in Muscat, Oman and it has an extensive network of branches throughout Oman. Additionally, the bank operates directly and indirectly in all six Gulf Cooperation Countries states, a representative office in Singapore that focuses on trade business and financial institutions, and an associate in a securities company in India. The bank is publicly listed as a joint stock company on the Muscat Securities Market as well as on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange (Bank Muscat 2012, p.14). Bank Muscat is the pioneer bank in Oman to set up a fully functional Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) department. The organization considers CSR as one of its central values, and the bank’s CSR policy is founded on a strong belief in the positive significance of CSR. The bank’s CSR policy reflects its care and concern for various segments of the society. Bank Muscat does not view social responsibility as mere involvement in charitable activities and organizing voluntary programs, but responsibility for the overall society’s development (Bank Muscat 2011, p.15). The objectives of this paper are to explore the concepts of business ethics

Violent Games Essay Example for Free

Violent Games Essay In the process of media reform and editing, is it appropriate to limit video games? Nonthreatening things like games should not be banned by our fears, but we should look at the facts. Violent video games should not be banned for their content because no means of art or communication should be banned. Our first amendment is our sacred rite of passage that should be upheld with all of our power. We can benefit from these works of art like we can from a song or picture because of their substantial meaning and portrayal of our own lives. These video games are not even truly bad for your health, they can actually improve it. As Mr. Jacob Sullum said, â€Å"Depictions of violence, unlike obscenity, have played a longstanding and celebrated role in expression properly consumed by minors, from Greek myths to the Bible to Star Wars and Harry Potter. Violent tendencies are an issue in the young mind, and certain people would say that seeing these violent images in video games triggers these feelings and makes their children become irrational. Zackary Morzaini stated in his study that â€Å"violent video games trigger the same response as violent passages in the bible. † So why ban these images. It is up to the individual to react to these violent messages. The vast majority of gamers does not emulate the â€Å"homie-G† of grand theft auto, but instead understand the social norms in video games are Peterson 2 not the social norms of real life. The game merely implies violence. For example, Call of Duty is a demonstration of warfare not unlike chess and battleship has for years. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. † That is these United States’ Bill of Right’s first amendment, and never shall it be silenced. Our forefathers made this law so no form of media would ever be banished by harsh critics. Our arts shall be protected and regarded in the highest degree, and video games shall be no exception. With their version of interactive storytelling they are no less valuable than movies or music. Art can never be banned under America because we provide our people with the freedom they deserve. What is a little blood between friends? Cooperative and multiplayer games have recently been added in huge numbers to classic games such as the Call of Duty franchise and the Dead Space franchise. These games are violent to the extreme—specifically Dead Space. In these games you have to cut off limbs and kill anyone opposing you so you and your teammates may succeed. In a study co-written by David Ewoldsen he states that â€Å"We think that cooperating with another human overrides the effects of playing a violent videogame. This means that even violence is counteracted by jolly cooperation. This is not only a way to spend time with friends shooting zombies, but also a time for families to come together. Games like Super Mario and Wii Sports are great examples of fun games from ages 8-80. This allows us to Peterson 3 come together, so rather than sitting and playing Monopoly for fifteen hours straight, you can just pop in Wii Sports and start playing virtual tennis. The responsibility of handling violent images does not go into the hands of Electronic Arts (EA), but some of the responsibility falls on the parents. When children play games they might not be ready for the graphic images presented, but our friends at the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) give us ratings to represent these and sometimes children will pick up a game because it’s fun. They do not however, check that it is rated for players seventeen and up and that a ten year old should not have to see those things just yet. Parents do actually do monitor some of these things according to a study for the article Video Games Unplugged, but some is not enough. It is up to the parent to judge whether or not their child is ready for a graphic game, not EA’s. Critics of video game violence say that games are not mandated enough. They also say that violence is too prevalent in them and it is too easy for children to get their hands on them. So, to stop this, we must put more restrictions on video games. Video games are not lawless. ESRB not only rates these games, but requires you to be a certain age to purchase these games depending on their rating. For example, Call of Duty Black Ops Two was rated M for Mature, so you must be 17 or older to purchase the game. Violence was another issue they claim, but these works of art are no different than others. When the movie Zero Dark Thirty came out, the media’s first reaction was not â€Å"This movie is an awful Peterson 4 influence to our children†, but instead gave it praise. Violence has always been important to our culture, from gladiators to Dexter, and video games have the same effect. Art is divinity. Art is beauty. Art is alive. Music and pictures have always entertained us and should never be banned. Video games are a form of storytelling, a way to see beautiful things and witness the greatest sagas. Video games should not be banned because they contribute so much to us and are beautiful in their own right. Violence in video games is no different that violence in 300, but violence in video games have to fight for their rights. We should all support the rights of our arts and support video games. Peterson 5 Works Cited Computer games unplugged. Computer Graphics World Feb. -Mar. 2012: 2. General OneFile. Web. 26 Feb. 2013. Sullum, Jacob. The terminator vs. the constitution: Californias video game law does violence to the First Amendment. Reason Feb. 2011: 60. General OneFile. Web. 26 Feb. 2013. Johnson, Ted. VP urges game study: Biden: violence link should be probed. Daily Variety 25 Jan. 2013: 7+. General OneFile. Web. 26 Feb. 2013. Sanders, Laura. Gamers crave sense of control: feeling competent matters more than violence, blood. Science News 14 Feb. 2009: 14. General OneFile. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.

Essays --

Aneta Luboch A Mental Patient’s Handbook â€Å"You need to take your meds†, the nurse told him. â€Å"I don’t like what they do to me. They make the static stop and everything goes quiet†, Hayden replied. He grabbed his hair in the palms of his hands and made a fist, letting his frustration be visible. They admitted him into the psychiatric hospital just less than a month ago. He was diagnosed with schizoid and hallucinogenic episodes. He started hearing the noises a couple months ago. They were whispers at first, gently scratching against the insides of his brain but they eventually became clearer as if somebody was holding a conversation right in front of him. He could not sleep and his head was like an old radio that never shut off. His eyes had sunk into his skull from lack of sleep to go along with his eyes, discolored mounds of flesh begging for help. One night the voices led him to leave his apartment and wander through town until they finally led him to the scene of rape in progress. The voices had pleaded for his help, leading through a maze all the while telling him which turns to take. He was in an alleyway behind an old apartment complex and had heard the cries of a woman pushed up against the dumpster by a man forcing all his weight up against her. â€Å"What are you doing? Get away from her!† he bellowed, â€Å"Leave her alone!† The man turned around with a grin on his face and his tongue flicking in and out of his mouth, an imitation of a serpent; a real life devil in front of his eyes. He stared at Pierre and barked back, â€Å"Better get out of here or you’ll regret it.† He laughed and a gruesome noise escaped the man’s throat sending chills down Pierre’s spine. He had never seen something such as this man. He was pure evil. Pierre char... ...had been walking around town, found this woman walking all alone, attacked her in the alleyway and then ran off is what the woman recalls. Something still didn’t seem right in the woman’s head but she couldn’t figure out what about the story was bothering her. With the only evidence the police had being a shaky account of what happened that night, a story filled with holes from a woman who still seemed to be suffering from trauma of it all, they had no choice but to drop the charges. They knew the likelihood of him being found guilty in a court law was even less that the likelihood of the existence of demons. Pierre continued hearing the voices and kept having nightmares and clawing at his flesh covering his lungs until he would draw blood. Frustration consumed him. Fear of the unknown was eating him alive. The worst part of it all.. this was only the beginning.

Short Talks

2/20/13 English 1102 Introduction I start off with a couple of stereotypes I recently heard or saw people discussing and give my feelings/opinions on why I feel people say things like that. Next is my feelings toward SSU, it’s a mixed feeling really a love and hate relationship. I end my short talks with my first, and definitely not my last, fight I had; that occurred in kindergarten. All I can say about that is never and I mean NEVER touch my crayons!On Stereotypes- â€Å"All black people like chicken,† is one of the most commonly known stereotypes but recently I ran into some really interesting stereotypes; like all black people have gaps, if your black your house has roaches, black people were more helpful to America as slaves, all black people are ugly when they’re babies, and black girls put weave in their hair because they don’t have any. When I hear people talk like this all I can do is laugh at the ignorance, you have to be on a whole other level o f stupid to even think like that and then to let that stupidity slip out of your mouth.People let statements like that get to them and get them all roweled up over it but, you have to sit back sometimes and think about where they get their point of view on African Americans people from. I find that a lot of it comes from the older generations in their family where the racism is still alive and brewing, and once again I laugh because it is 2013 and if you still feel African Americans should be slaves and they’re ignorant monkeys then go ahead and do you.As far as those other statements though I have a gap I know plenty of â€Å"black people† who don’t, my house doesn’t have roaches and never will, I wouldn’t be a good slave because I’m way too strong willed and I only work for pay, I was a beautiful baby, and plenty of African American girls have long beautiful hair. On Savannah State- â€Å"You are so rachet with your power outs, slow wifi, bad cable connection, rude faculty and staff, and rising tuition that’s mostly going to athletic fees for teams that aren’t even good. † -AnonymousI love my SSU but I hate it too, it has so much potential to be a great school but there has to be some major changes first. The first thing that the people over the school should take a good look into is the way a lot of their staff members act towards current and future students; some of them are rude and nasty every day to everybody. Next, they should move to the â€Å"problem professors†, which are the ones who the students complain the most about, they have the highest rate of students dropping out, and they have the highest failure rate.Lastly, would be what they use the budget for the school on I feel some of the funding for certain things could be used for more important things that the school needs, like a full time doctor for example. On Self-Respect- â€Å"How can you expect anybody to respect you i f you’re half naked on Facebook for likes? † Girls are always crying on Facebook, twitter, instagram, and other social sites about how they want a â€Å"real man† but yet they have all of these lewd, distasteful pictures up for the whole internet to see.On top of that they get mad when they get a bunch of sexual comments and messages, it’s kind of baffling because what else would they expect to get if that’s how they present themselves. On the struggle- It’s hard being in college with no form of income coming in, eating ramen noodles every night, and borrowing paper from other students in class. Being broke makes your refund check, no matter how big or small, look like a little slice of heaven.Refund check time is when all of the ballers come out, when the mall is packed with college students going on a spending spree for themselves and for the homies who don’t get a refund, and when all the parties you go to have a bunch of alcohol an d weed; but a month later it’s back to the struggle. The month after refund is when people go back to begging for things, back to one or two bottles of liquor at the party, and back to those stupid ramen noodles. On my first fight- I remember when I was a little, sweet, loving, only child living in Yonkers, NY.I got everything I wanted and I never had to share anything, unless I wanted to and I was always kind enough to do it anyway. My mother came home one day with these new glitter crayons for me, since I loved to draw and color; and I loved them. I brought them to school the next day to show my best friend and we colored with them during breakfast, before class. One of the older students saw us and came over, she took all of my friends crayons and pushed her out of her seat and proceeded to reach for mine.I grabbed my things, backed away and told her she couldn’t have my crayons. I saw a little bit of rage in her eyes as her friends laughed at her for not being able to take a kindergartener’s crayons; so she pushed me and went to take my things. I wanted to sit there and cry like my friend was doing but instead I got mad, I got real mad just thinking about the fact my mother just bought me some new â€Å"special† glitter crayons and some hood rat with no manners was going to have them for free wasn’t sitting right with me.I got up and punched her in the face and I could tell by the look in her eyes that it hurt, so I punched her again and again and again; I even started to scratch at her face. Her friends who were at first laughing saw how serious I was about those crayons and went to get the school’s officer, who eventually stopped me. I didn’t get in trouble that day but I got a newly found confidence that would lead me into trouble with anyone willing to cross the wrong path with me.

Macbeth- Appearance vs Reality Essay

‘How does Shakespeare use the idea of deception in his play, Macbeth? Discuss the topic by referring to character, supernatural elements, places and objects not being what they seem William Shakespeare was a very famous playwright and actor who lived over 100 years ago and wrote the many plays including Macbeth. The play Macbeth is a tragedy, which was written in the sixteenth century by Shakespeare. In this play the main character, called Macbeth is a very brave and courageous man whose growing ambition and misfortune takes over his life and leads him to become very evil and threatening. In Macbeth, Shakespeare has used the idea of deception to develop his style of play writing and to make it more interesting to the audience. There are several ways in which he has done this, and I will be focussing on these to explain how he has done this and what kind of an affect it has on people. Throughout the play there is a tense atmosphere that builds on as it goes along and makes the audience more attracted to it. Shakespeare uses the idea of deception to create a lot of strange and superstitious effects in order to enhance the quality of the play and to make it more dramatic. For example, the play starts off with three witches also the setting is very eerie so the audience’s attention is automatically grabbed and they want to carry on further to find out what will happen. Not only does he include witches, the play also consists of cauldrons, spells, ghosts and illusions. Even though it is unusual to see such things today it was very significant in that time period. Characters, acting, stagecraft and language are various ways that Shakespeare has used to exemplify the idea of deception in his play. There are different types of deception, such as, people who are not what they seem, supernatural deceptions and things/places not being what they seem. Macbeth is a play about tragedies and misfortune. There are many ideas or themes, which are portrayed in this drama but the main one that I will be focussing on is appearance and reality. This basically means the general idea of things not being what they seem. This play has a very strong moral, philosophical and social significance, which is displayed throughout the play and is revealed throughout the drama. Because this play was written before the 1914’s we can see that the language, stagecraft and settings used are from the time period the play was written in. It looks at the historical and social significance of the play, and deals with things that were morally and philosophically significant to the people at that time. For example, the people at that time were strong believers of strange and supernatural elements such as witches and ghosts. These are less believable these days because of all the latest science and technology, which Shakespeare may not have had at his time. This tragedy looks at the way people see things and are mislead into thinking their own way. Essentially we understand from the play that ambition is good but if you become way too ambitious and are blinded by it then that can lead to harm. This is what happened to the character of Macbeth. The significance, which is shown in the play, could be that dreams or illusions are not always what they seem, and can often lead you astray. The play is based on the fact that Macbeth changes from a highly valued and respected man to someone who is disliked by the people in his society. The reasons being that he was very fortunate but could not see it, therefore he went ahead and thought he could make his dreams come true. What happens in Shakespeare’s play is ironic and is related to the time period as well which also influences the genre of the play. The play also implicates the historical happenings at the time period it was written because during that time Shakespeare had written a lot of tragedy and bitter plays. Around the same time Shakespeare’s twins died therefore there may be a significant reason as to why he wrote these tragedies. Nevertheless he has used ideas of deception in such ways to deceive the audience and characters throughout. Macbeth is a very interesting character created by Shakespeare because he is very diverse throughout the play. In other words he was known as a very loyal and brave warrior at the beginning of the play, as the King gave him the title of the ‘Thane of Glamis’. We can immediately see that he is liked and respected by the King and the people, because of his position in the King’s army. However, during the play the character of Macbeth changes and he becomes very ambitious which leads him to become evil, which eventually leads to his death. This play battles with the concepts of evil and good, which are shown through acts of deceit and honesty. Mainly it is about deceit, of the audiences as well as the characters. There are also things that Macbeth encounters throughout this play, such as witches, apparitions and illusions that are not what they seem to Macbeth, but he does not know this and in the end he ruins his life and the lives of many others whilst trying to make his dreams come true. He does not understand the concept of reality, which means that you can’t judge by appearances, there is something behind the appearance that you have to look for rather than just looking at the surface of things. Shakespeare uses a variety of different ways to illustrate the deceptions in the play, some of which are, language (e.g. linguistic devices), stagecraft (e.g. settings and special effects), and characters (e.g. the role of Macbeth, or the three witches). In the time period in which this play was written, I expect that there wasn’t much technology because it was in the early sixteenth century when not all the new technology that we have today, had existed. However, there was some technology such as the trapdoors that were built into the stage. This allowed people to appear and disappear in the eyes of the audience. Nevertheless, instead of cinemas, there were theatres where dramas and plays such as Macbeth were performed. This was a major entertainment for people at that time as there weren’t things like computers, Television, games, etc. so people would go to the theatre to watch these plays and they would really enjoy it. People also went to places to see bear beating, this is an event where bears were tied up and beaten by loose packs of dogs. People at that time enjoyed these horrifying scenes and it was a means of entertainment. This shows what the people were like in pre-1914, which links to why Macbeth was written and to whom it was targeted. Shakespeare has written this play in order to entertain and amuse the people at that time therefore he has used ideas of deception to make it more appealing and interesting. Macbeth is also a horrifying play where terrifying scenes like murder takes place. The audience, I should imagine would have been very fascinated and horrified by this play, which would mean that more people would want to watch it. At that time period people were also very superstitious and believed in things like witches because there wasn’t much advanced technology to prove otherwise. Social class divided the people’s status in society, e.g. the lower class people could not wear the same colours as the rich as this was not accepted in society. The rich and poor wore different colours to represent which class they were from. Witchcraft was a major issue at the time and anyone who was suspected would be tortured and executed. Due to this hundreds and thousands of women were executed for being caught doing suspicious acts of witchcraft. This is one of the many ideas Shakespeare has used in his play to deceive the audience and characters. It provides an interesting twist in the beginning of the play when the three witches are doing spells and things. The first ever Macbeth play to be performed was in Hampton’s Court in 1605. There were many superstitions that people believed in such as, in the theatres audience were not allowed to say ‘Macbeth’ or something might happen to the characters on stage. I will now identify and explain the general theme of appearance and reality, which is portrayed throughout the play, Macbeth. There are many people who are not what they seem in reality and can trick the audience into thinking a different way. This deception is shown in the first Act where the former Thane of Cawdor becomes a treacherous man because he has betrayed King Duncan and the army of Scotland when he joins the Norwegian army in the battle. In this act Scots and Norwegians are enemies and there is a battle going on, where Macbeth is a triumph for killing the traitor and then he puts the head on his sword. This is significant because at that time it is seen as brave and courageous to place the head of the victim on the sword, in that way people would know you’ve won and will praise you. We can tell that Macbeth has just been honoured for doing this because in this scene the captain says †For brave Macbeth – well he deserves that name – disdaining fortune with hiss brandish’d steel†¦till he unseam’d him from the nave to th’ chaps and fix’d his head upon our battlements.† In this passage the captain is explaining what happened at the battlefields to the King and he is glorifying what Macbeth did, which was to murder a traitor and put the head on the sword. The deception in this scene is that of when the character of the traitor deceives the other characters and betrays his army by fighting against them. The King is just one character who is deceived by this man from the battle. He was just one of the men in the battle was not what he seemed because he was a traitor all along and he betrayed King Duncan, thus was killed later on. This is an example of when deception is illustrated in the play. Macbeth does not realise that the former Thane of Cawdor has been killed, he then goes and has an encounter with the witches, who tell him that he is going to be Thane of Cawdor. This is mentioned in as one of the prophecies. (Scene 3; line 48). †All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor†, this is said by one of the witches and is deceiving to the character Macbeth because he doesn’t know that the former Thane of Cawdor has died. The witches give him the following three prophecies in scene 3: †All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis,† †All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor,† †All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, that shalt be king hereafter.† After that Macbeth is very shocked and confused because at this moment he or the audience are not aware that the Thane of Cawdor has been killed or the fact that he will kill the King in the future to become one. This is deceiving to the characters that are told this (Banquo and Macbeth) because they did not know that the Thane had died. The language shows that Macbeth does not know that he is now the Thane of Cawdor as he sounds very confused in scene 3, †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦By finel’s death I know I am the Thane of Glamis, But how of Cawdor? The Thane of Cawdor lives A prosperous gentleman†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the idea of the Thane being dead and Macbeth being the new Thane is something that is not what it seems because the audience do not know this and also because they are being told by strange women. This is a deceiving matter because strange women, also known as the three witches, are telling them these prophecies that have never been heard of before. However, when it does come true t hen it is like another thing that is not what it seemed because no one really expected the prophecies to come true. Macbeth is a character who is deceiving to the audience, because in the beginning of the play we see him as a brave, courageous and good-willed man. However, this changes throughout the play and we find out that Macbeth is not what he seems and is actually a very evil and wicked man. We know this as a fact because he kills King Duncan to fulfil his dreams and ambition. Nevertheless, he was not that keen at first until his wife, Lady Macbeth, encouraged him to do so. She says to him that she is an even better man than he is because he was cowering not to do the murder. She then makes him believe it is the right thing to do so Macbeth thinks that he has got no other chance and this can’t be as bad as long as he hides it well. He says at the end of act 1 scene 7, †I am settled and bend up†¦to this terrible feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest show, false face must hide what the false heart doth know† from this extract we can see that Macbeth has chosen to ‘mock’ the people which means to deceive them and the King by going ahead with this ‘terrible’ plan. It is easy to see how the character of Macbeth is transformed from trustworthy and good-willed to become disloyal and treacherous. We know he was a trustworthy and honourable man because he helped the King’s army in the battle; therefore it was very shocking to find out he committed a murder. Even though he prevails in making his dreams and ambitions come true, at the same time he is deceiving the people for a long while. Shakespeare makes it deceiving to the other characters as well as the audience when he makes out that everybody sees Macbeth as a godlike figure who is respected by many. Conversely Macbeth is not at all like that and we can see how cruel and evil he becomes throughout the play. Shakespeare uses soliloquies in the beginning of act 1 scene 7 to represent how Macbeth is feeling, which is uncomfortable with this plan. It is not like him to do such evil acts so he is very worried about what will happen. † If it were done when ’tis done, then ’twere well it were done quickly. If th’ assassination could trammel up the consequence and catch with his surcease, success, that but this blow might be the be-all and the end-all-here†¦but only vaulting ambition which o’erlaps itself and falls on th’ other-‘ from this long and interesting soliloquy we can tell that Macbeth is discussing how hard this task is and how his ambition is urging him to go on. It seems as though he has second thoughts which deceive the audience because we think that he will forget doing the murder from act 1 scene 7 where he mentions how respected and praised he is at the moment, †We will proceed no further in this business. He hath honour’d me of late, and have bought golden opinions from all sorts of people, which will be worn now in the newest gloss, not cast aside so soon.† Macbeth wants to enjoy the praises he has earned (†bought†) as though they were new clothes. Shakespeare uses metaphors here to describe the praises given to Macbeth and to make an impact on what he is saying. We, as in the audiences are deceived by this because it makes us think that he will back out but in the end he does not due to his weakness and he continues with the murder. Lady Macbeth as a hostess at the castle is very misleading because she is not what she seems to be. In the beginning of Act 1 scene 6, when King Duncan is welcomed to Macbeth’s castle he meets with Lady Macbeth. In the eyes of Duncan, Lady Macbeth is seen as the ‘honour’d hostess’ because of her appearance and false talk. He does not know what Lady Macbeth is really like and instantly judges her according to her appearance and how she presents herself to him. †See, see our honour’d hostess – the love that follows us sometimes is our trouble, which still we think as love. Herein I teach you how you shall bid god yield us for your pains and thank us for your trouble.† Duncan is being deceived yet again because he thinks that Lady Macbeth is offering kindness, but in reality she is just putting on a show. He says how grateful he is even though it can sometimes be a nuisance to have people offering kindness to him. He also says that this is his way of teaching her to ask God to reward him for the trouble she has to take, and also to thank him for providing the occasion for that trouble. Basically King Duncan is trying to say how grateful he is to be here and is thankful to her, however, in reality he is saying this to the wrong person because she is hiding her true appearance with a false one. Therefore she is tricking him. King Duncan is quite a gullible man who trusts people very easily. He is glad to have come to Macbeth’s castle because he highly values him and has given him the titles, ‘Thane of Cawdor’ and the ‘Thane of Glamis’. As we can see from the Duncan’s speech, he is pleased to have come to this castle, but the one thing he does not realise is that he is actually being deceived by the appearance of the settings and the other characters, like Lady Macbeth. Duncan mentions how kind Lady Macbeth is as a hostess, but he is unaware of what she is really like in the inside, which is evil and cunning because she is plotting to murder him in the following scene. After the murder has taken place, every one is in shock. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth put on false faces and they are not suspected of anything. Duncan’s two sons, Malcolm and Donaldbain also hear of the news and are not really shocked. In this scene it seems as if Malcolm is pretending to be evil, but in reality he is only concerned about saving his life. Even though they do not react that much, they are still worried and they think that they too may be in danger. Therefore they decide that that it would be best to leave the country and go separate ways. We know this from the conversation between Malcolm and Donaldbain in Act 2 scene 3. Malcolm is asking Donaldbain what they should do in order to save their own lives, this is deceiving because we did not expect them to get over their father’s death so easily and also it is deceiving to the other characters. This is because Malcolm says, † what will you do? Let’s not consort with them. To show an unfelt sorrow is an office, which the false man does easy. I’ll to England.† This shows he has already made up his mind and is waiting for Donaldbain’s reply, who then says he will go to Ireland. Malcolm also suggests that they should secretly leave, without letting anyone else know. †And let us not be dainty of leave-taking, but shift away.† This shows that they feel no sorrow for their father and are willing to leave without trying to find out who the murderer is but only worried about they’re own lives. We, as audiences may know that they are not the killers but in the way Malcolm suggests leaving, as soon as he hears of the death seems as though he is evil and he is the murderer. It is deceiving to the other characters when he leaves because they see it as very suspicious that the King’s son’s have decided to secretly leave th e country. This may lead to people thinking that they are the murderers, but in reality this is not what it seems like. The play starts off with the witches appearing and disappearing and throughout the play they appear and disappear, which is a type of supernatural deception because it is not normal to have witches. This is a way of taking the attention of the audience, as they would find it fascinating to watch how the witches appear and disappear. In Shakespeare’s time, he did not have many special effects, so the supernatural deception effects would have had to be done on stage using the old fashioned way, the trapdoor. The trapdoor is one way in which people in Shakespeare’s days, used to perform special acts of appearing and disappearing and it was a good type of special effect used to deceive the audience at the time. The reason being that they did not have as much technology as we have today and were not as advanced so they would not have been able use advanced technology to do any special effects or lighting in order to make it really attractive. If he lived today he would have used things such as lighting and other technological equipment to make this play interesting for people of today so they would enjoy it. One of the special effects that could have been used on the character of Banquo’s ghost is a way of showing the idea of deception because Macbeth is the only one who can see the ghost and so the audience may also not be able to see anything. In the time of Shakespeare the ghost would have most probably been imagined or a pale face of someone with powder all over, who would have come and gone through the trapdoor. There was not as much technology as today and it wasn’t as advanced as today, so you wouldn’t have been able to do special affects like holograms and things on stage. These are ways in which people can see images and effects, which are not solidly there, they see it through computerised programmes. The apparitions are another set of tools of deception that Shakespeare uses to improve the quality of the play. This dramatic irony like the ghost only come and go so they may have not been acted out so the other characters would have used imagination to pretend they were there. Also not all the characters can see the ghost, only Macbeth does. This is shown from the passages in Act 3 Scene 4, when language is used to show that Macbeth can see something that other’s cannot. When Macbeth talks about Banquo’s ghost he is deceiving the other characters. We know this because they are confused therefore they think Macbeth is going mad. Ross is one of the men at the feast and he speaks up saying, â€Å"What sights, my lord?† from this phrase I know that the people there are very confused they do not know what is going on, this is when Lady Macbeth lies to them to cover up the truth. Therefore she is deceiving the other characters and making them think that Macbeth is really ill, â€Å"Good-night; and better health attend his majesty† they leave after Lady Macbeth tells them to do so. Duncan is invited to Macbeth’s castle, which he finds very nice and welcoming. He compliments on how they are all so nice and the castle I so welcoming when he does not even have a clue as to what his fate will bring in the future. In the beginning of Act 1 scene 6, Duncan says †this castle hath a pleasant seat; the air nimbly and sweetly recommends itself unto our gentle senses.† Duncan is saying that the castle is very welcoming just by looking at it and smelling the air. This castle is deceiving to the king because it is not what it seems. It seems like it is a very ‘pleasant’ and wonderful place, however, in reality it is not at all a pleasant setting because this is the place where Duncan gets murdered. He does not know this; therefore he is being deceived by the place. In act 2 scenes 1 Macbeth is preparing to kill King Duncan. Shakespeare uses objects that are like illusion to let the audience know what is going on and to make it more interesting. For example, he uses the image of a dagger, we know this from what Macbeth says, †is this a dagger which I see before me, the handle toward my hand? Come let me clutch thee†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he uses this language to help the audience understand what is going on. This is not a real dagger, but only an ill-illusion telling him to carry on with this grim task. It may have been imaginary in Shakespeare’s stagecraft, because Macbeth only sees it as an imaginary object, which is deceiving him. Therefore it may not have been a real prop in the play when the people performed it. Macbeth also hears voices before and after the murder, which are deceiving because he only hears them in his mind. This shows us that he is getting paranoid and these voices are just in his head, we also know that there were sounds of animals that give a chill of horror. This adds to the horrifying scene of the murder and builds up tension because there are owls and crickets being heard in the background. This is significant to the time period of the play because at that time many people believed in superstitions and strange events. They also believed that the noise of owls and crickets were linked with a bad event such as death. When Macbeth becomes evil, after killing the King he decides it’s time to get rid of his friend, Banquo. In order to do this he has got to plan it first. He has told two murderers that Banquo is their enemy to make them want to kill Banquo in the first place. Shakespeare has included this part of the plot to show deception of the murderers; Macbeth is deceiving them to make them hate Banquo, in order to carry out this murder. It is also deceiving when Lady Macbeth sees things in her sleep and becomes ill. She imagines that her hands were still bloody; from the night the King was murdered. And last, but not least, there is another idea of deception in the play; it is when Great Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane. This is deceiving in its own way because in reality the wood is not actually coming to Dunsinane, but the people are carrying the trees and making it seem like the wood is coming towards Macbeth, to fight him. This also relates to the prophecies told in the beginning of the play and it is significant to what happens in the end. This deceives Macbeth’s army as they think that the wood is coming towards them and tell Macbeth this news. As soon as Macbeth hears this, he is reminded of the prophecies, which deceive him yet again because it is not really the wood that is coming to fight him, instead his enemies. Finally I can conclude that Shakespeare has done a great job of representing the theme of deception, appearance vs reality and this is very important when included in the plays. Especially when the play is performed because the main things that needs to be thought about is how the special affects are going to be shown, for e.g. the witches, apparitions and the ghost. These are things that attract people to watch the drama in the first place. I can conclude that the play is all about the battle between good and evil, which also relates to the theme of deception. Deception plays a major part in this play, and I think that it is trying to give the audience a message about deceiving and how things/people are not always what they seem to be. As I have explained in my essay Shakespeare has used language, imagery and stagecraft to illustrate the theme of deception and to show the audience how Shakespeare has made things seem different to what they really are in order to mislead the audience and characters. The language such has as â€Å"fair is foul, and foul is fair† (1.1) is just an example of how Shakespeare uses language to trick people. How can fair be foul and foul be fair? It is not something that you would normally come across therefore the play is very well known and liked by many. The deceptions are just ways in which to get people thinking and to prove that everything is not what it looks like on the outside, there may be things hidden away in the inside. For example, the character of Macbeth was not what he seemed like in the beginning of the play because his character has changed dramatically in the audience’s eyes. He went from being a brave and courageous soldier to an evil and wicked ruler. I think his ambition has deceived him and he was overwhelmed at the thought of becoming king that he didn’t think of the consequences. Overall I think Shakespeare has used the idea of deception very cleverly in the play, Macbeth to get the audience attention and to make it very appealing to the audience. He has done this by using characters, supernatural elements, places and objects, which are not what they seem. It is very similar to the saying, ‘don’t judge a book by its cover’, because you don’t know what’s inside the story unless you read it. Similarly Shakespeare is giving the impression that characters, stagecraft, and many other things are not exactly what they seem.

Cousin Kate Rossetti Essays

Cousin Kate Rossetti Essays Cousin Kate Rossetti Paper Cousin Kate Rossetti Paper Exploring the Loss of Innocence in Christina Rosettes poem Cousin Kate The poem Cousin Kate written by Christina Rosettes signifies a story of the speaker which explains what happens to a cottage maiden once she has been sullied by a man which consequently leads her to lose her innocence. Cottage maiden creates a rural simplistic image of the speaker who has a low status. Due to the Victorian era in which the poem was written it is clear that the poem is based around the fact that women were not treated fairly as there was a patriarchal society. The poem is directly addressed to Cousin Kate, which fundamentally reflects how in society, blame was blamed on women. The poem is written as a dramatic monologue; moreover Rosettes has used a traditional ballad structure to convey a narrative. The speaker says Not mindful I was fair, this adds to the image of her being innocent, she had no intentions to raise her status therefore shes stressing that she was less deserving to what happened to her. Rosettes then introduces a new character, the Lord, who brings anger, frustration and despair to her. It is evident in Why did a great lord find me UT and To fill my heart with care? this signifies the lords powerful status as he has made her care for him, which in turn brings trouble upon her. In the next stanza Rosettes uses the word lured which creates an ominous feeling. He lured me to his palace home indicates his status. Also in this stanza it appears that Rosettes has used assonance where she has repeated the sound of o in woe and moan. These emphasis the speakers sense of grief. Rosettes has used an oxymoron; this conveys the speakers confusion thus showing her conflicting state of mind, it is evident in shameless handful life the words are contradicting each other therefore may be showing confusion. Furthermore, Rosettes uses sibilance in the sound SSH, which gives the impression its a secret. The simile like a glove, suggests that she was easily changed and not an integral part of his life. Also, Glove often appears as a symbol of lost innocence in 1 9th century literature and art. The third stanza then shows that the speaker is directly accusing Kate as she says He saw you at your fathers gate, / Chose you, and cast me be the repetition of the word you shows her jealously as she is, in essence saying its al about you Kate. The third stanza explores her feelings of abandonment and jealousy whereas in stanza four the speaker is questioning Skates qualities. In Stanza four the speaker says the lord bound you with his ring this verb choice implies he has captured her or contained her in some way. Rosettes then repeats so good and pure which connotes her bitterness. Once again her bitterness is evident in l sit and howl in dust whereas it is in contrast with you sit in gold and sing which implies Kate is now wealthy but is a possession captured by the lord. Stanza five the reader can see that the speaker believes that Kate does not deserve the lord as the speaker relates Skates love as writ in sand which implies it will get washed away. In turn this shows the speakers bitterness. The next few lines in stanza five show that the speaker is putting herself in Skates shoes however in Hd not have won me with his love and l would have spit into his face In essence she says she would have not done the same to Kate. Shes showing violence in her language although shes being content which may be due to her having something that Kate can never have. In the last stanza the speaker appears to be providing some sort of ammunition against Kate by saying Kate is not perfect. The last stanza begins with Yet Ive a gift you have not got this suggests she has one thing she can hold onto that is better than Kate; also it is a traditional metaphor of a child being a gift. The reader can infer the tension in the poem, underlined when Rosettes uses the antithesis of my shame, my pride. Her son is her pride because she loves him, but he is her shame because he is a visual reminder of her relationship with the Lord. By the end of the poem the reader can suggest that the speaker has a fear of her son being taken away as that is all she has left to herself, evident in cling closer, closer yet the alliteration emphasizes the love she has for her son and the fear that he could be taken away. Lastly, the poem ends with To wear his coronet. This metaphor implies that if the Lord were to die, his son would inherit everything of his father therefore the speaker is saying Kate would have no share in anything of the Lords. The poem underlines how the speakers innocence has been sullied; on the other hand the Lord just moves on, this shows the inequalities between the two genders.

7 Ways Students Can Stay Productive During Summer Break

7 Ways Students Can Stay Productive During Summer Break If you’re a student, you long for summer vacation. School takes a lot out of you so it’s nice to have a few months to unwind. You get to catch up and focus on all of the things you don’t normally get to enjoy. But one of the biggest problems students face is staying productive during summer break. You spend 2-3 months having fun in the sun and when you return to class in early September, you end up feeling overwhelmed and stressed out. This happens to everyone. You’re coming off your summer high and back into the real world, and you end up crashing and burning. It’s a rough and transition. It’s like starting a car that’s been sitting in your garage for years. The engine is going to sound clunky and congested.  Or if you don’t drive, think of it like riding your bike. If you don’t ride your bike for a couple of years, the chain is going to rust and it will feel very tight and restricted when you finally take your bike ou t for a spin.  Fortunately, this can be avoided. All you need to do is keep your mind sharp and productive during summer break. If you can accomplish this, then you will make the transition in September very smoothly.That being said, here are 7 ways students can stay productive during summer break:Source:[#WBSA]

International Business - Bicycles and Economy Essay

International Business - Bicycles and Economy - Essay Example The era which was about providing a core product to the customer has gone far behind, also the era of providing the actual product has merely ended, and customers now have more willingness to get the augmented product, which means few frills attached services along with the product as well. Keeping the customer's preferences, likes and dislike, the launch of a cycle would not be that unusual, but the idea is to prepare a plan that could lead to success in various countries. The country selection for the launch of our product is a critical decision, one cannot simply expect to have our product launched in any country and yet it remains a successful launch. Bicycles are common modes of transportations used worldwide specially by students and also people who love racing on bicycles, therefore neither a small country can help us launching our product, nor a big country having a lot of poverty in it can. We all have to think keeping the nature of product and nature of market in the mind. "As the world's economies become more integrated and international business becomes more globalized, the nature of international business management concerns changes as well. New areas of international business research have arisen that could not even have been imagined by observers twenty-five years ago"(Ricks, Wright 687, Vol 25: 1994). The product now has to be la... ntries in which it could gain some market, according to the visual analyses, which should be very accurate, the three countries in which the product should be launched are, United Kingdom, Australia and South Africa. The reason of not launching the product in the countries that are below poverty line is simple, we cannot expect those countries to use our product that are having much lower class which is using cycles that are just serving as a core product, due to poverty these countries might not have been able to afford our product, and also there is a good competition in such countries with their privately made bicycles which people over there are use to. There are however different sort of issues in launching the product in the above mentioned three countries but yet the reward is likely to be fruitful, as these countries serve as a base to make the product well known through out the world and sooner if launching would be successful in these three countries then the product is going to be launched internationally and we are likely to have more contracts from the other countries as well. The most prominent reasons for launching the product in these three countries are that, the people living there are mostly on foot and students use bicycles for traveling short distances, also racing is another feature of these countries, cycles are used commonly in having races there. The other reasons for launching the product in these countries might be related to the economy and living standards, as I have earlier mentioned that our product would not be launched in the countries that are below poverty line, so launching them in much stable countri es is a very good options. It is difficult to say that the economies of these three countries would be anymore disturbed by our

CASE-CONTROL RESEARCH STUDY Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CASE-CONTROL RESEARCH STUDY - Article Example of Interest: The subjects recruited for the case study were exposed to trihalomethane, a by-product produced during the chlorination of water, which is done for the purpose of disinfection. Patients who were histologically confirmed to have primary bladder cancer were recruited as the case population for the study and they were identified with the help of urologic services. The other inclusion criteria’s for the recruitment of the case population were: age group between 20 and 80 years and they must reside within the geographical area surrounding the hospital. The study was a multi-center case-control study conducted in Spain and the subjects were recruited from 18 participating hospitals located at five different geographic regions in and around Spain. The cases were recruited through regular reviews of the discharge and pathology records in hospitals at by the research staffs who were involved in the study. The number of cases who participated in the study was 338 out of the 1,457 eligible cases who were interviewed. However the article does not provide any information about the eligible subjects who were not part of the subjects. The reason for their non-participation has not been mentioned. The control population was chosen from the same hospitals where the case subjects were recruited. The control group included patients who suffered from problems like hernias, orthopedic problems, circulatory disorders, and who were admitted to the hospital. Those who had problems that were related to the study were not chosen as controls. About 582 controls from 1,465 eligible controls were selected. Signed informed consents were obtained from both the case and control participants before onset of the study. During the initial interview demographic information and familial, medical, including smoking history, and occupational history of all the eligible participants were collected using computer assisted software. The short listed case and control population were

Hydrogen bonding and drug designs Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hydrogen bonding and drug designs - Term Paper Example Hydrogen bonding and drug designs The extent of solubility of a solute depends on its hydrophilic nature. A molecule is more soluble if it can form numerous hydrogen bonds with its water solvent.1 Hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobic regions of the binding site of a ligand and its lipophilic surfaces are important predictors of its interactions in a biological system, which may affect water solubility to such an extent that may even result in unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties.2 It is thus evident that the number of hydrogen bonds made by a drug is an important determinant of its solubility, and ultimately, its bioavailability and effectiveness in a living system. This paper reviews three studies on the hydrogen bonding properties of drugs in an attempt to investigate the utility of hydrogen bonding studies in drug solubility prediction and drug design. Methodology The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of hydrogen bonding on the molecular properties of drugs dissolved in water. Additionally, other aspects of the role of hydrogen bonding in drug design will also be dealt with. For the purpose of this review, studies relevant to the aims of this paper were searched via Google Scholar. Three most relevant studies were chosen based on the correlation of their subject of study and the aims of this paper. Results The first study assessed the impact of hydrogen bonding on molecular properties, namely Infrared (IR) and Raman spectra, of three drug molecules (caffeine, aspirin, and ibuprofen) dissolved in water.... ssolved in water.3 The second study investigated various computational and experimental models for the prediction of aqueous drug solubility.4 The third study presented a theoretical calculation of the strength of hydrogen bonding of drug molecules. The findings of these studies are systematically reviewed here. As the first study3 investigated changes in spectra upon dissolution of drugs in water, a frequency calculation was done for three drug molecules (caffeine, aspirin, and ibuprofen) in both gas phase and aqueous solution. IR and Raman spectra of the molecules were analyzed to investigate the influence of both long and short-range interactions on spectral intensity and vibrational frequency. The investigated frequencies were divided into three regions, namely – high, middle and low frequencies. Four different calculations were carried out. The first two calculations began with gas phase geometry optimization followed by calculation of IR and Raman frequencies in the gas phase (GS) and in PCM (Polarized continuum model) using water as solvent. The last two calculations were also done in two stages – geometry optimization with the water molecules located where they are assumed to form hydrogen bonds, followed by calculation of IR and Raman frequencies with and without polarized dielectric continuum. The structures of the three drug molecules with hydrogen-bonded water are shown in figures 1, 2 & 3. Figure 1 — Structure of aspirin hydrogen bonded to water molecules Figure 2 — Structure of caffeine hydrogen bonded to water molecules Figure 3 — Structure of Ibuprofen hydrogen bonded to water molecules In case of caffeine, there was a very small IR absorbance in the high frequency region except for peaks of higher absorbance indicating presence of OH bonds in

Concepts Of The Seduced And Repressed Marketing Essay

Concepts Of The Seduced And Repressed Marketing Essay This essay will introduce the concepts of the seduced and repressed and explain what they mean in Baumans theory of consumer society The main body will consider how Baumans concepts: help us better understand how consumption fits into and affects our modern UK consumer society. fail to help us understand (what are their strengths and weaknesses ? what are their limitations as tools ?) feedback from TMA01: make it shorter (~10%) Main Body  (approx 1000 words) Introduce the concepts, explain what they mean Summarise Baumans theory (consumption replaces class in post-industrial consumer society as a means of classifying members of society). Explain what Bauman means by Seduced and Repressed as concepts within his theory. How the concepts help (try using Circuit of Knowledge) Question: How do the concepts help us better understand consumption in our society ? Claim: They enable us to create a clear, simplified description of a consumer society Evidence: Examples of what Bauman describes from UK society: Hetheringtons description of his street as an example of a typical UK street, show how the concepts help us describe contemporary UK consumer society as exemplified by his street, how they simplify/clarify the description. Claim: They offer an accurate (enough) explanation of why things are this way in a consumer society Evidence: Show how the concepts offer an explanation of why people shop as they do, using the description of Hetheringtons area. Jackson reached the same conclusion for retail park shoppers. How the concepts fail       Question: How do the concepts FAIL TO help us better understand consumption in our society ? Claim: Baumans theory is a bit out-of-date, patterns of consumption and opportunities for consuming have changed. Distinguishing by ability to consume or not is less meaningful if everyone can consume satisfactorily. We might need a new set of concepts to partition the new seduced, or a re-definition of Baumans concepts to address this. Evidence: Money is more freely available on easy credit terms/store cards etc. Online (ebay), high-street stores like Primark allow more people to consume successfully at different levels, not just a choice between consuming luxury or nothing at all. Rising affluence (chapter 3 evidence, spend on essentials as a proportion of all expenditure has dropped since 1986), Greater access to a wider range of cheaper goods (e.g. cheap clothes in supermarkets chapter 2).   Quote from V.Brown about how people in the UK have more stuff than ever before Claim: They over-generalise/over-simplify they dont explain lots of consumer types and how they behave. Choose from these examples of consumers who dont fit the concepts depending on wordcount: Evidence:: People who may not consume luxuries to fit in/portray a lifestyle normally, but who use occasional retail therapy as an escape mechanism from a stressful or boring lifestyle. They KNOW theyre being seduced, and indeed choose to be for relief. People who consume to reward themselves for working hard. People in both categories simultaneously e.g. may be heavily seduced whenever they spend on hobbies or interests, but begrudge every penny spent on other non-essentials;  Ã‚  Ã‚      People who consume goods and services aimed at the seduced, but who understand the manipulation and dont care People who choose not to consume in order to make a point (Chapter 1 Hetheringtons oppositional, and Audio CD1, Helen Rimmer (FoE) re. Tescopoly and other protesters) People who would be classified as repressed but are not, even though they have  a good income  (e.g. have high demands on their means) or they prioritise essentials over luxury Conclusion (approx 150 words) What has the essay discussed ? What conclusions have been reached ? NO NEW MATERIAL ! It has examined the concepts from the perspectives of how they help us better understand how consumption fits into and affects our society and where they fail to help us in this understanding It has concluded that the benefits outweigh the shortcomings, but that other concepts and theories are required to give a complete picture of the modern UK consumer society. So they leave a number of significant gaps, thus need to be augmented/extended to give a good understanding. References Add references at the end dont forget the CD reference David Byrne (PI: B0984954, DD131, TMA02 Task 2, Essay of not more than 1250 words) Discuss the role of the concepts of the seduced and the repressed for understanding the place of consumption in contemporary consumer society. Zygmunt Bauman has created an abstract model of the typical modern consumer society, as a way of describing this type of society and explaining why it might be so. He has invented a number of concepts to help with this explanation, and this essay will consider two of these that are closely related what Bauman calls the Seduced and the Repressed. This discussion will initially introduce these concepts and explain what they mean in Baumans theory. It will then explore their usefulness by considering each from the contrasting perspectives of how they help us better understand where consumption fits into our modern UK consumer society, and conversely ways in which they might fail to help our understanding. As noted by Kevin Hetherington (2009, p25), Bauman suggests that post-industrial capitalist societies are based on consumption, which he believes is a key characteristic of such societies. In a similar fashion to the class-based divisions in industrial society that group people by their positions in relation to the means of production, he proposes that societal divisions within consumer society are based on peoples ability to consume material goods, services and experiences, and offers the concepts of the Seduced and the Repressed to describe those groupings. The Seduced in Baumans model are those able to acquire the material goods that are valued as status symbols by their peers, and to live lifestyles aspired to by the group. As successful consumers, they are valued as members of society with a positive identity. In contrast, the constituents of the Repressed are those who are unable to access this way of life for some reason, for example because they do not have the disposable inc ome to spend on non-essentials, or cannot access the sites of consumption such as retail parks and high streets due to factors such as physical disability, age or lack of transport. These are seen as negatively-valued members of the consumer society, by the seduced and by those with something to sell. Baumans concepts can be used to describe and explain the different patterns of consumer activity in contemporary UK society. They distil all the subtly different attitudes to consumption held by the individuals in society down to just two consumer types, giving a simplified model that is much easier to understand than one incorporating all the individuals means and circumstances. Consider Hetheringtons account (2009, p13) of the businesses in his local area, a typical example of todays UK urban landscape that includes small local shops, bars and restaurants, and out-of-town supermarkets and retail parks. This society can easily be described using Baumans concepts, where the Seduced are likely to be those people Hetherington identifies as the night-time clientele of the bars and restaurants, and those who drive to the large supermarkets and retail park to shop, while the Repressed could include those such as the latest group of migrants to arrive that Hetherington mentions. Baumans co ncepts also offer a simple theoretical way to explain why those who shop in each of the different outlets in the area do so. They suggest that the shoppers in the local retail park are the Seduced, who shop there because they are buying into a lifestyle that emphasises acquisition of goods available in that environment, who have access to it by virtue of being car owners, and who can afford to shop there because they have sufficient disposable income. Those with sufficient disposable income to enjoy the bars and restaurants in the vicinity would also fit this category. In contrast, those local residents forced to settle for the limited range of goods on offer in the somewhat run-down local convenience stores because they cant afford to shop in the large out-of-town stores, or who do not have the appropriate means of transport to shop there, fit into the category of the Repressed. This explanation of current UK society offered by Baumans concepts is supported by practical studies suc h as Peter Jacksons survey of retail park shoppers (1990, cited in Hetherington, 2009, p45). However since Bauman first presented his concepts in 1988, new opportunities for consuming that they do not accommodate have emerged in the UK. Vivienne Brown (2009, p111) presents evidence from the ONS of rising affluence here over the last fifty years, with the most significant rises in disposable income and in real earnings occurring in the mid-eighties and early nineties, trends accompanied by increased access to credit facilities through loan companies, store cards etc. Giant multinational retailers such as Tesco and Primark, with their global supply chains and huge buying power have brought an ever-increasing range of cheaper goods to the UK market, and online stores and auction sites facilitate high volumes of trade in cheaper goods. This combination of increased access to money and wider range of options means that a growing proportion of people are able to access a level of consumption that satisfies them instead of just being able to either consume or not. As Brown observes : People in the UK have more clothing and shoes than ever before, eat a wider range of food than ever before, and increasingly their homes are fitted with appliances and facilities that would have been undreamed of or classed in the luxury bracket in the past (2009, p108). Baumans concepts distinguish people by whether they can consume or not, and are most effective when these distinctions are clear. When a majority of people are consuming satisfactorily, albeit at different levels, the differences between them as consumers narrow and the concepts may really only be useful for distinguishing between extremes. Additionally, without a baseline for comparison the concepts are hard to apply consistently: those considered Seduced from one perspective might equally be considered Repressed by those even better off. These gaps suggest that alternative concepts are needed to partition the contemporary Seduced in order to satisfactorily explain our society. While Baumans concepts simplify and clarify, they over-generalise and over-simplify. Many people in the UK today either dont fit neatly into the categories of the Seduced and Repressed, or move easily between these groups. Examples include those who do not normally follow a consumption-centred lifestyle but who use occasional shopping (retail therapy) to escape from stress or boredom, or as a personal treat or reward. They know they are being seduced, and indeed choose to be for their temporary specific purposes. Similarly, the concepts do not explain those that choose to not consume in order to make a point, who Hetherington (2009, p47) suggests might be termed the oppositional, such as those who select what they buy on the basis of environmental friendliness, trade fairness or other ethical grounds. Helen Rimmer (DD131, CD1) describes communities in a number of UK locations who have rejected new opportunities to consume by actively opposing the introduction of big supermarkets in t heir area because they object to the local economy being disrupted. The people in these examples are not  seduced, but neither are they repressed: their conscious choices of where and how much they consume compared to others do not impact on their status in society or on how others value them.  This again suggests that Baumans concepts may need re-definition to have more meaning in the context of our modern society. Having evaluated the strengths and the limitations of Baumans Seduced and Repressed concepts as tools in advancing our understanding of the role of consumption in contemporary post-industrial UK society, it seems that they offer a useful way of classifying many of the members of that society, and often help to explain their patterns of consumption. However this essay has presented a number of examples where the concepts fail to offer a satisfactory explanation because they are too generalised and/or simplified. The evidence that Baumans concepts leave important gaps in our understanding therefore suggests that while they are most useful in giving a big picture view of the role that consumption plays in modern UK consumer society, additional concepts and theories are required if we wish to understand the detail. (1331 words)